Adherence to ART in clinical trial settings in Zimbabwe and Uganda: lessons learned
By J Day, N Godoka, P Nyamapfeni, M Chigwanda, B Muzunze, P Basikoro, S Makumbirofa, G Kaye, J Nankya, B Mpairwe
Issues: Increased access to ART in resource-poor countries may lead more clinical trials to offer ART as part of the standard of care. Clinical trials, with greater access to resources, may provide an "ideal" environment for adherence. However, external factor...
Adult mortality and the economic sustainability of households in towns, estates and villages in AIDS-afflicted eastern Zimbabwe
By P Mushati, C Zvidzai, J J Lewis, S Gregson
Background: This study measures the impact of adult death on household income, expenditure, capital and survival in communities in eastern Zimbabwe subject to sustained crisis level mortality.
Methods: Data on household-level socio-economic ...
Age-specific patterns of HIV infection and STI symptom history among young Zimbabwean males
By V Loo, A D McNaghten, H Dube, S Hader
BACKGROUND: Although many sub-saharan African countries have data on HIV prevalence and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young antenatal women, few have these data among young men. Examining the patterns of HIV infection and history of STI symptoms in yo...
Association between Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV among Women in Zimbabwe: the Significance of T. vaginalis. HIV Prevention Trial Network Study 016A
By M Mlingo, J Brown, C Kelly, T Mutevedzi, Z M Chirenje, N Padian
Background: To compare the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and demographic factors among HIV infected and HIV uninfected women at enrollment into a condom promotion study.
Methods: Between June 2000-July 2001, we enrolled 997 se...
Barrier method preferences and perceptions among Zimbabwean users
By J M Buck, A van der Straten, M S Kang, G Khumalo-Sakutukwa, S F Posner, N Padian
Background: When users are provided with a choice of prevention methods, they can try and compare their relative benefits. We qualitatively explored attitudes, perceptions and preferences between male condoms (MC) female condoms (FC) and diaphragms (DA) among ...
Behavior change and sexually transmitted infections among sex workers in a multi centre randomized trial in Zimbabwe and South Africa
By L Ndhlovu, C J van Dam, D Wilson
Introduction: STIs, including HIV infection, continue to be highly prevalent among sex workers in southern Africa. Targeted behavior change interventions and periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) of STIs have been proposed as strategies to reduce rates of infection ...
Care And Support For Orphans And Vulnerable Children in Zimbabwe: Removing the guess work to accurately measure Quality, impact and cost effectiveness
By K Jemison, L Tinarwo
Issues: Despite the many efforts to assist children affected by AIDS, general understanding of the impact, quality or cost effectiveness of those efforts remains uncertain. Numerous models, strategies, and interventions to address the orphan crisis are in place to ...
CD4 T-lymphocyte determinations in HIV-1 uninfected women from Uganda and Zimbabwe participating in the hormonal contraception and risk for HIV-1 acquisition (HC-HIV) study
By C Walker, W Mackay, S Rwambuya, J B Mukasa, H Bakka, F Mmiro, R D Mugerwa, T Chipato, A Muchini, M Mwali, P Nyamapfeni, N Padian, C Kwok, C S Morrison, R A Salata
Background: Limited information exists about CD4 cell counts in HIV-uninfected African women. This information is needed as the range of CD4 counts vary widely in health and disease and both acute and chronic illnesses in African populations may affect lymphoc...
Challenges and solutions to involving men in home-based care: a review of Africare's male empowerment project in rural eastern Zimbabwe
By C A Johnson, C Chipere, W Fleming, K Myllynen, N Matinhure
HIV seroprevalence in Zimbabwe is above 25% presenting a signficant strain on an already stressed healthcare system. In Mutasa district nearly 70% of hospital admissions are HIV-related. Home-and community-based care is therefore an essential element of coping. D...
Challenges faced by vulnerable youth in Zimbabwe: Results of a qualitative psychosocial assessment
By L Snider, L Gilborn, L Dube, T Smith, S Germann
Background: Children and youth in sub-Saharan Africa are especially vulnerable to the severe consequences of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. AIDS-affected children are likely to endure orphanhood, poverty, and loss of family and community structures for protection and care....
Community involvement and response to a new HIV prevention technology in Zimbabwe
By C Watadzaushe, E T Montgomery, A C Chidanyika, M Kamba, J Mutsambi, A Meehan, T Chipato, N S Padian
ISSUES: HIV prevalence among women has remained high in Zimbabwe. This situation calls for intervention methods that are women-controlled and easily available. Cervical barriers such as the diaphragm are believed to offer women protection from STIs and HIV. However ...
Community volunteer assisted health education to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Zimbabwe
By A Munhenga, C Marangwanda, J Wells, S Moyo, E Chirapa, Y Maldonado, T Chipato, A Shetty
Issues: Prevention of Mother to Child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is an important public health issue in Zimbabwe. Given the current economic hardships, one of the major barriers to the success of PMTCT programs is shortage of nursing staff. Clinics often have 2 or 3...
Community-based psychosocial support model for community-based treatment initiatives: Our Zimbabwe experience
By S Moyo, G Kadzirange, L S Zijena, L Gwanzura, T Chirenge, L Stranix, N A Gona, C Maponga, E Mbizvo, D Katzenstein
Issues: The comprehensive community based services important for anti-retroviral treatment (ART) programs not only include aspects of VCT, PMTCT, lab screening, monitoring and management of toxicities and management of opportunistic infections, but equally import...
A comprehensive, rural, church and community HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Program in Zimbabwe which incorporates knowledge of serostatus and quality referral services for all
By C Mukazi
Issues The majority of the Zimbabwean population live in rural areas yet access to HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support services is limited. Neither print nor electronic media are available or accessible in most rural communities. Ninety percent (90%) of peopl...
Contrasting primary school outcomes of paternal and maternal orphans in Manicaland, Zimbabwe: HIV/AIDS and weaknesses in the extended family system
By S Gregson, C A Nyamukapa, M Wambe
Background: Orphans' education may depend on the duration and form of orphanhood and on cultural and other factors affecting extended families' care arrangements.
Methods: Statistical analysis of data on parental survival, household circumstanc...
The Coverage of HIV/AIDS in four Zimbabwean newspapers: A critical discourse analysis
By S Page
Background: The news media play an important role in the social construction of HIV and AIDS. In Zimbabwe, radio broadcasts and newspapers are considered key sources of HIV and AIDS information. The values, beliefs, and discourses currently existing in society are p...
The demographic impact of sustained high levels of HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe
By D Chitate, I Muvandi
Issue: Zimbabwe is experiencing the worst HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world. An analysis of the HIV prevalence shows that HIV prevalence dramatically increased in the late 1980s and early 1990s and perhaps reached a peak in 1997. Since then, HIV prevalence has remai...
Different strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 in Zimbabwe: a decision analysis model
By S Dube, M C Boily, S A J Gregson
Background: Research has established that antiretroviral treatment and avoidance of breastfeeding or early weaning are effective methods to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We have used a decision analysis model to estimate the effectiveness of AR...
Difficulties in providing antiretroviral (ARV) medication to HIV-infected healthcare workers in Harare, Zimbabwe
By J Hakim, M Charles, T Flanigan, I Gudza, B Boyle
Issues: Zimbabwe has an adult HIV prevalence rate of 24%. Healthcare provision in Zimbabwe is increasingly hampered by HIV-infected healthcare workers succumbing to AIDS. Most healthcare workers lack the financial resources required for ARV therapy and health insur...
Discharge planning for HIV/AIDS patients in Zimbabwe: a national situation analysis survey
By G Mawera, R Kambarami
Objective: To assess the extent to which the national guidelines for the discharge of chronically ill HIV/AIDS clients were being implemented in Zimbabwe. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All 10 provinces in Zimbabwe Intervention: A total of 329 respondents...
Domains of response errors in self-reports of sexual behavior: data from Zimbabwe
By C Woodsong, M Mlingo, J Brown, M Chirenge, N Padian
Issues: The validity of self-report of sexual behavior is often questioned. Measurement of sexual behavior usually relies on questionnaires with fixed choice responses. Participant problems with accurate reporting occur in four domains: 1.comprehension, 2.recall, 3.e...
Early introduction of non-human milk and solid foods increases the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission in Zimbabwe
By E Piwoz, P Iliff, N Tavengwa, C Zunguza, E Marinda, K Nathoo, L Moulton, B Ward, J Humphrey
Background: Early mixed feeding (0-3 months) was associated with increased risk of infant HIV transmission in Durban, SA. No additional data confirming this observation have been published. We examined the relationship between early breastfeeding (BF) practi...
The effect of age differential with primary partners on incidence of bacterial STIs and condom use among women in Zimbabwe, Uganda and Thailand
By M S Dunbar, P G A Cornelisse, A Pettifor, A van der Straten, A Muchini, S Rwambuya, S Rungpao, N S Padian
Background: Greater age differential (AD) between women and their partners may be associated with increased risk of STIs and decreased use of condoms. Methods: As part of a cohort study on hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition in Zimbabwe, Uganda ...
The effect of pregnancy on early HIV-1 infection in Ugandan and Zimbabwean women participating in the hormonal contraception and risk for HIV acquisition (HC-HIV) study
By R A Salata, C Walker, S Rwambuya, T Chipato, J Hakim, P Nyamapfeni, T Magwali, N Padian, C Kwok, C S Morrison, C Kityo, J Byamugisha, R Mugerwa, F Mmiro
Background:The consequence of pregnancy on HIV-1 disease progression (especially early infection) needs better definition. Methods: We are conducting a study of HIV uninfected women in Uganda (Ug) and Zimbabwe (Zm) examining HIV-1 incidence rates among...
Effect of entertainment-education TV program on attitudes and behavior change in Zimbabwe.
By N Taruberekera, S Ghosh, Z Ziyambi, K Chatora
Issue: Interventions designed at the beginning of the epidemic, especially exclusive HIV/AIDS information giving programs, remain in place today regardless of lack of impact. Such campaigns because they are full of HIV/AIDS messages have become monotonous and are de...
Ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors in Zimbabwe
By D E Montano, D Kasprzyk, G B Woelk, J S St. Lawrence, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial
Background: Little is known about differences in HIV risk in the two main ethnic groups in Zimbabwe. A national survey of risk behaviors and STD/HIV was conducted in 32 rural growth point villages (GPs) in Zimbabwe as part of a cooperative international HIV/ST...
Examining psychological and social distress among HIV-infected women in Harare, Zimbabwe
By B L Palmer
Issues: Studies have shown high levels of psychological distress among HIV-infected women, however, little is known about the relationship between distress and basic survival needs in this population. The objectives of this project include: 1. Examining distr...
Exploring the impact Zimbabwean news media on individual perceptions of HIV/AIDS
By T Makanga
Background: The HIV and AIDS epidemic is influenced by a combination of social factors, including inequality, poverty, stigmatising and ignorance. The news media can play a significant role in fighting HIV and AIDS. Through the language used, the media informs, enc...
Factors associated with HIV infection in adolescent females in Zimbabwe
By L E Gavin, C Galavotti, A D McNaghten, H Dube
Background: Adolescent females in Africa are many times more likely to be infected with HIV than males of the same age. Understanding how infected and uninfected adolescent females differ will help inform interventions for this important group.
Factors influencing VCT uptake, & ART acceptance for Zimbabwean antenatal women
By E T Montgomery, I C Mudekunye-Mahaka, J Wells, M Simoyi, T Chipato, Y A Maldonado
Background: Despite the availability of ARV prophylaxis in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe, for the prevention of MTCT, only a fraction of eligible women in ANC: 1) opt to test for HIV 2) collect their results or 3) take the ARV offered.
Methods: 87 women and 32 men parti...
Female condom preference and use among Zimbabwean women
By S Napierala, A van der Straten, G Khumalo-Sakutukwa, T Chipato, N Padian
Background: In Zimbabwe where HIV prevalence is over 30%, women-controlled alternatives to male condoms are urgently needed. Methods: 405 women recruited from family planning (FP) clinics in Harare participated in a 2-month condom intervention study. At enrollment...
Geographic variability of HIV rates from a national survey of residents in rural Growth Point Villages in Zimbabwe
By G B Woelk, D Kasprzyk, D E Montano, A C Bittner, Jr, C Richard, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial
Background: A national survey of risk behaviours and STD/HIV was conducted in 32 rural growth point villages (GPs) in Zimbabwe as part of a cooperative international trial in 5 countries. The trial is using the Community Popular Opinion Leader Intervention to ...
Harnessing hair salons to create demand for female condoms in Zimbabwe
By N Taruberekera, K Chatora, S Ghosh
Issue: The female condom has emerged as a prevention strategy against HIV/AIDS alongside male condoms. The condom addresses important issues and problems faced by women especially in the African setting. Yet, even after decades of promoting use of this product we a...
Healing hands, touching hearts, across the ocean: Congregations in Zimbabwe, Malawi, Sierra Leone, and the U.S.A. unite to serve PLWHAs and families
By J Patterson
ISSUES In many countries hospitals are becoming overwhelmed in their efforts to meet the demand for services. Many patients are sent home into the loving care of family members, but often there are not the materials needed for proper wound care, pain alleviation, ...
HIV incidence among women of reproductive age in Malawi and Zimbabwe (HIVNET/HPTN 016A)
By N I Kumwenda, C Kelly, I Hoffman, M Chirenje, A Coletti, A Ristow, F Martinson, J Brown, B Richardson, D Chilongozi, N Padian, T Taha
Background: Clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to reduce heterosexual HIV transmission (microbicides, treatment of STIs, promotion of behavior change, and vaccines) are being planned. Design and monitoring of these trials will require knowledge...
HIV infection and reproductive health in teenage women orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS in eastern Zimbabwe
By M Wambe, S Gregson, C A Nyamukapa, G P Garnett, J J Lewis, P R Mason, S K Chandiwana, R M Anderson
Background: Orphans and children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS (OVCs) in sub-Saharan Africa could be at increased risk of HIV infection and other adverse reproductive health outcomes.
Methods: Data on HIV infection, sexually transmitted infection...
HIV infection and the cause of chronic cough in primary health clinic attendees, Harare, Zimbabwe
By T Dhobha, E D Makanza, S Mtero-Munyati, J Magwenzi, M Wellington, S Mungofa, L Gwanzura, A Butterworth, V Robertson, P Mason, E L Corbett
Background: Pre-HIV studies reported tuberculosis (TB) as one of the commonest causes of cough of three weeks or more (chronic cough) among patients attending primary health care clinics in Africa. We investigated the impact of HIV on the burden and case mix ...
HIV risk perception in Zimbabwean women: Expected vs. actual HIV status and reported risk factors
By A C Chidanyika, E T Montgomery, A van der Straten, M Lee, T Chipato, N Padian
Background: Despite proliferation of HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns through the mass media, HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe is over 30%, suggesting that women still continue to have unprotected sex despite high risk of infection. Methods: The Methods for Improving Repr...
HIV/AIDS care and support services in Zimbabwe: a community based survey
By R Kambarami
Background: Zimbabwe is one of the countries with the highest burden of HIV globally. This survey was to assess HIV/AIDS care and support services at household level as perceived by young adults (15-29 years) in Zimbabwe Design: Cross sectional community based natio...
HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and sexual behaviour among primary school children in Zimbabwe: the case for early intervention
By F P Gwanzura-Ottemoller, M G Kesby
Issues: In Zimbabwe approximately 33% of the adult population is HIV positive. Although 45% of the population is under 15 years, the cohort aged 9-14 has largely been excluded from HIV/AIDS research. Rectifying this is crucial because this group: a) has the lo...
Home nutrition gardens in Zimbabwe: Improving the nutrition and livelihood of HIV/AIDS affected households
By B Irwin, J Parker
Issue: HIV/AIDS affected households often face reduced labor productivity that results from increased morbidity and mortality and the diversion of labor to non-productive activities. If this constraint is not addressed, affected households greater face food i...
The impact of methodological changes on Zimbabwe's national HIV prevalence estimates
By A D McNaghten, N Grassly, S Gregson, J Chirenda, O Mugurungi
Issues: UNAIDS and WHO reported that estimated HIV prevalence among adults aged 15 to 49 years in Zimbabwe was 33.7% in 2001. Recent estimates were revised resulting in an adult prevalence of 24.6% in 2003 with a range of 20-28%. The difference in these estima...
The impact of the land reform programme on HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe
By V A Ingham-Thorpe
Issues: The Land Reform Programme resulted in the displacement of about two million people out a total country population of eleven million. Most were farm workers and their families. This movement which has been mostly rural to rural, although some cross border and...
Implementation of a new female controlled method in Zimbabwe, lessons learned
By M Kamba, M S Kang, J M Buck, G Khumalo-Sakutukwa, A van der Straten, T Chipato, S Posner, N Padian
Background: Diaphragms (DA) are an available female controlled family planning method. We conducted an acceptability trial and qualitatively explored feedback on study implementation and considerations among women and their male partners in Zimbabwe. Met...
Infant feeding practices in the context of a PMTCT programme in rural Zimbabwe
By J Orne-Gliemann, T Mukotekwa, A Miller, A Gwasira, E Rumbanduro, P Makanda, P Nesara, F Perez, F Dabis
Background: Preventing paediatric HIV infection and training health workers to infant feeding and HIV are national priorities for Zimbabwe. However safe infant feeding practices may be limited by current socio-economical constraints and little accessibility to counse...
Integration of PMTCT programmes at the district level: the experience of two districts in Zimbabwe
By T Mukotekwa, T Ndoro, A Miller, J Orne-Gliemann, F Perez, M Glenshaw, B Engelsmann, A Mahomva, F Dabis
Issues: In countries facing a generalised HIV/AIDS epidemic like Zimbabwe, the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is critical. It is essential that all health facilities providing antenatal care (ANC) can offer women the opportunity of voluntar...
Integration of STI treatment at voluntary counselling and testing centres in Zimbabwe
By Z Ziyambi, N Taruberekera, M Mhazo
Issue: Studies to date have shown a synergistic relationship between sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV. In 1995 alone 71% of STI cases tested in Harare, Zimbabwe were HIV positive. Information from other areas across the country indicate that HIV prevale...
Interrelationships between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV-1 infection among women in Thailand, Uganda, and Zimbabwe participating in the hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV-1 acquisition (HC-HIV) study
By R A Salata, P G A Corneliesse, B A Richardson, T Chipato, F Mmiro, R D Mugerwa, N Padian, S Rugpao, D D Celantano, C S Morrison
Background: The burden of STIs among women residing in developing countries requires better understanding and effective prevention strategies.
Methods: We are conducting a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-uninfected women in Thailand (Th), Uganda...
Last option: residential orphan care in Zimbabwe
By G Powell, T Chinake, D Mudzinge, W Maambira, S Mukutiri
Issues: Despite government policy to the contrary and the known adverse affects of institutionalisation, residential facilities for the care of children orphaned by AIDS continue to be built in Zimbabwe. While reputable international child welfare organisations are d...
Linking alcohol use with HIV risk behavior and HIV prevalence among beerhall patrons in Harare, Zimbabwe
By K Fritz, G Woelk, A Chirowodza, K Makumbe, W McFarland
Background: Beerhalls are among the few affordable recreation venues for men in low to medium income neighborhoods of Harare. Beerhalls are well-attended and ubiquitous institutions serving men's needs for socializing and networking with friends and relatives. Howeve...
Measuring care and support for children affected by AIDS : A longitudinal examination of service delivery in Zimbabwe
By K Jemison, C Gunderson, T Kelly
Issues: The AIDS crisis has dramatically increased the number of children who are orphaned or made vulnerable. In 1990, 16% of orphans were due to HIV/AIDS, in 2010, it is expected to be 68%. In Zimbabwe the crisis is especially pronounced, with 960,000 children orph...
Mobilising men to care for the terminally ill and orphans in rural Zimbabwe
By J Mucheri
Issues: Caring for the terminally ill and orphans and vulnerable children is traditionally considered to be a woman's responsibility most African rural societies. Breaking the social gender stereotypes and encouraging men to care for the terminally ill and orphans in...
Modelling risks factors associated with HIV prevalence in rural Zimbabwe: Demographic, medical, behavioural, and STD, including HSV2
By D Kasprzyk, G B Woelk, D E Montano, A C Bittner, Jr, C Richard, L Reason, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial
Background: A national survey of risk behaviours and STD/HIV was conducted in 32 rural growth point villages (GPs) in Zimbabwe as part of a cooperative international trial in 5 countries. The trial is using the Community Popular Opinion Leader Intervention to ...
Morbidity in the first four months in patients on generic highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Zimbabwe
By G Kadzirange, L S Zijenah, D Katzenstein, S Moyo, T Kufa, M Z Chirenje, C Maponga, D Bhattacharaya, O Tobaiwa
Background: Use of generic antiretrovirals in the treatment of AIDS could be a way more people can access therapy for AIDS in resource poor settings. Morbidity profiles in individuals exposed to these drugs are of interest. We analysed morbidity in people with AIDS...
The myths and facts about ''sugar daddies'': Age differences and sexual behavior among men and their female partners - Harare, Zimbabwe
By S Jain, K Fritz, G Woelk, A Chirowodza, K Makumbe, W C McFarland
Background: Although undefined and minimally referenced in the literature, anecdotal reports contend that ''sugar daddies'' are widespread and contribute to high HIV prevalence among young women. Methods: To establish a working definition of sugar daddies and char...
Optimizing support for HIV treatment programs: DHHS/CDC–USAID collaboration by area of comparative advantage in Zimbabwe
By S L Hader, P Halpert, M Fussell, J Sullivan, P Weisenfeld
ISSUES: Often, international agencies contribute to national public health initiatives by supporting separate sites or complementary programs. As US Government Agencies, DHHS/CDC and USAID have a unique relationship and opportunity for close collaboration. ...
Orphans and the need for food security: the school nutrition assistance program in Zimbabwe
By D Sanyatewe, C Makufa, V James
Zimbabwe, which is at the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in southern Africa. There are an estimated 920,000 orphans in Zimbabwe; a number expected to increase to 1.1 million by 2005 (UNAIDS, 2001). While keeping children in school may provide important educatio...
Partner involvement in female-controlled method use: Experience with the diaphragm in Zimbabwe
By A van der Straten, M S Kang, J Buck, G Khumalo-Sakutukwa, T Chipato, S F Posner, N Padian
Background: The diaphragm is being evaluated as a barrier method against HIV/STIs. Although it is "female-controlled", partner acceptance and involvement may nevertheless be necessary for some women. We assessed quantitatively and qualitatively male partner involveme...
Perceptions and challenges of women who participated in an MTCT clinical trial in Zimbabwe
By F Jaji, J Wells, A Shetty, A Munhenga, S Chiwara, P Tanki, J Chirwa, S Jena, R Kambarami, Y Maldonado, T Chipato
Background: Thousands of HIV-related clinical trials are currently running internationally. While these trials are closely monitored to ensure that protocols are followed and patients' rights are maintained, few research efforts have concentrated on investigating the...
PMTCT experience in 11 CESVI-WHO supported hospitals in MOHCW health facilities in Zimbabwe
By Mahomva, C Capello, M Fascendini, E Venetzanou, R Moretti
Background In Zimbabwe the HIV prevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) was estimated 25.7%. Since 2001 Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MOHCW) has set up a national PMTCT programme. CESVI contributes to the national efforts supp...
Predictors of unprotected sexual intercourse among women in Malawi and Zimbabwe: The HIV prevention trials network study 016A
By J M Brown, C W Kelly, A Ristow, T P Mutevedzi, Z M Chirenje, N Kumwenda, F Martinson, D Chilongozi, I Hoffman, T Taha, N Padian
Background: Unprotected sexual intercourse is the primary mode of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this analysis is to describe predictors of unprotected sexual intercourse (defined as less than 100% condom use) among women in a prospect...
Prevalence and risk factors for HIV in Zimbabwean and South African women
By A Meehan, A Chidanyika, S Naidoo, L Didier, G Ramjee, T Chipato, N Dinat, C Ellertson, N Padian
Background: Over half of all HIV infections in Southern Africa are among women. Women are more vulnerable for biological, economic, and social reasons.
Methods: The Methods for Reproductive Health in Africa (MIRA) study is an ongoing randomiz...
Prohibition and violence: the context of adolescent sexuality in Zimbabwe
By J Chikovore, L Nystrom, G Lindmark, B M Ahlberg
Background: Promoting safer sex practices for adolescents entails providing them information and service, and facilitating them the choice to abstain or engage in fulfilling relationships. This study illuminates how contextual factors also imply difficulties for ado...
Radio drama and HIV prevention in Zimbabwe: Listenership survey results
By D E Montano, D Kasprzyk, M E St. Louis, G B Woelk, S Hader
Background: The Mopani Junction (MJ) Radio Drama, supported by Zimbabwe-CDC, was designed by Media for Development Trust to entertain, inform and encourage behavior change to prevent HIV. It was developed via qualitative formative research with target audience...
Rapid expansion of a PMTCT programme in Zimbabwe: looking beyond data
By A Mahomva, R Mugwagwa, A Miller, O Mugurungi
Issues The Zimbabwe national antenatal surveillance in 2002 demonstrated an antenatal attendees prevalence of 25.7%. In 2003, the national adult HIV prevalence was estimated to be 24.6% and an estimated 40 000 infants acquired HIV infection. The severity of ...
Rationalising training in PMTCT: Development of a national training matrix in Zimbabwe
By R Mugwagwa, A Mahomva, A Miller, O Mugurungi
Issues: Introducing PMTCT services into family and child health services represents a fundamental change in the routine services being offered within the health delivery system. Local implementation experience has suggested that training in PMTCT should not be ...
Reaching rural areas on HIV/AIDS through food distribution programs in Zimbabwe
By N Taruberekera, B Hove, A Boner
Issues: Despite several years of implementing HIV/AIDS interventions in the developing world, rural areas remain underserved compared to urban areas. This is particularly so because rural areas do not have access to effective mass media communications like TV and Ra...
Rethinking the role of Youth in HIV and AIDS Communication and claiming their right to the
By T Chisango
Issues: Youth and youth values are not at the centre of programs designed for us.To reach out to youth in Southern Africa strategies are required that go beyond telling us what to do.Interactive theatre for development is one such strategy which has given a voice ...
Safer sex for pregnant women in Zimbabwe: A Continued Challenge
By M Kahwemba, J Wells, A Shetty, L Nyikadzino, P Samuriwo, L Chitibura, R Kambarami, T Chipato
Issues: In Zimbabwe, pregnant women find it difficult to discuss sexual and reproductive health issues with their partners, close family members or friends. Their influence, while meant to be supportive in nature, often serves as an obstacle to remaining HIV-nega...
Self-Targeting approach to economic mitigation: Beekeeping in Zimbabwe
By B Irwin, J Parker
Issue: There are many difficult ethical issues in targeting HIV/AIDS infected or affected populations for economic mitigation interventions, particularly when the general population is also in need and would like to participate. Is involvement in the project g...
Sexual behaviour change, spatial mobility and stabilisation of the HIV epidemic in eastern Zimbabwe
By C Mundandi, G P Garnett, H A C Voeten, C A Nyamukapa, D Habbema, S Gregson
Background: Recent national ANC-based estimates suggest that HIV prevalence is stabilising in Zimbabwe - one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa most affected by HIV/AIDS. We use population-based data from a large-scale open cohort study in 12 communities i...
Strengthening absorbtive capacity among grantees and program implementers in Zimbabwe
By S L Hader, N Augustin, M Jonasi, M St. Louis, M Fussell
ISSUES: Substantially increased resources are becoming available through international initiatives such as the Global Fund for AIDS, TB, and Malaria (GFATM) and the US Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Enhanced organizational capacity of ...
Supporting Economic Empowerment in a Hyperinflationary Environment: Mitigating the Impact of AIDS and Food Insecurity in Zimbabwe
By K Jemison, J Lentfer, L Tenarwo
Issue: Zimbabwe, which is at the epicenter of the AIDS pandemic, has experienced a drastic decline in socio-economic indicators over the past 10 years. The most salient factor is the rising prevalence of AIDS and its impact on the community coping mechanisms. These c...
Supporting peer education with people living with disabilities in Zimbabwe
By P Maengamhuru, S E Hammond
Issues: People with disability often have high vulnerability to HIV infection. One of the main factors contributing to their vulnerability is their lack of access to information on HIV, and their lack of involvement in HIV prevention programmes in the community. Thi...
Sustaining men's motivation in a beerhall-based peer education program in Zimbabwe
By A Chirowodza, K Makumbe, G Woelk, W McFarland, K Fritz
Issues: Men's sexual risk behavior plays a key role in fueling the HIV epidemic globally. Strategies for motivating men to participate in HIV prevention interventions and to sustain that involvement over time need to be developed and rigorously tested.
Towards a trust, caution and sexual assurances measurement scale: evidence from a pilot in Zimbabwe
By M L Klein, Y Coombes
Issues: Sub-Saharan African youth cite trust as the main reason for not using condoms. Focus groups were conducted in 4 countries to determine what is meant by trust, how trust is formed, what the characteristics are of a trusted partner, and how trust affects condom...
A trial of the effectiveness of the diaphragm for HIV/STI prevention in South Africa and Zimbabwe: Why are women not eligible?
By N Lince, K Blanchard, S Gappoo, A Chidanyika, G Ramjee, T Chipato, N Dinat, C Ellertson, N Padian
Background: The cervix is the primary infection site for many STIs; evidence indicates the cervix has a high concentration of HIV target cells. Cervical barrier methods (CBs) could prevent pregnancy and HIV/STIs. Data on the feasibility of large CB trials is s...
Understanding Structures and Function of Faith Based Systems in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, DRC and Tanzania: A Guide for Initiatives Seeking to Partner with FBOs
By J Patterson, A Balfour
Acknowledging the key role that Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) and Institutions have in addressing HIV/AIDS, governments, multinational entities, NGOs, private sector and other entities have forged partnerships with FBOs in developing and implementing HIV/AIDS prog...
Vaginal practices and incidence of reproductive tract infections in Zimbabwean, Ugandan and Thai women
By J H H van de Wijgert, P G A Cornelisse, J Moncada, M Munjoma, R Keawvichit, P Awio, M Mwale, S Sriplienchan, N S Padian, C Morrison
Background: Vaginal practices (i.e. cleansing, drying etc.) may be associated with reproductive tract infections (RTI), which in turn may be associated with HIV acquisition. Methods: As part of a cohort study on hormonal contraception and HIV acquisit...
Widening access to HIV/AIDS training through e-learning: A pilot study conducted in Kenya, Ukanda, Zimbabwe, Nigeria and China
By M E Hancock, C E Adie, C M O'Keeffe, G Blois
Mildmay International (MI) has been providing successful traditional training in HIV/AIDS care and management in many countries throughout the world, for example, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Thailand, Belarus, Ukraine.
Issue MI has found t...
Working with Non-Governmental Organisations in HIV/AIDS Workplace Programmes in Zimbabwe
By D Neuvians, T Ndikudze, D Gapare
Issues: Zimbabwe is among the countries hardest hit by HIV/AIDS with an adult prevalence rate of 33.7% and about 2 million people living with HIV/AIDS. The number of people who die due to AIDS are estimated to be 3,700 per week. The epidemic is affecting produ...
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